Machine learning
Courses
Machine Learning - Stanford (one of the best, probably; start with this one)
Download lectures and slides: https://class.coursera.org/ml-003/lecture
Learning from Data - Caltech (very good one, too, from what I hear)
Videos of the course: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD63A284B7615313A
Neural Networks for Machine Learning - Toronto (very good one, too, from what I hear)
Intro to Python for Data Science
Scientific Python lectures (very good introduction in Python and the scientific libraries used in machine learning and data analysis)
Videos
Articles / Blogs
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/03/data-science-puzzle-explained.html
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2015/11/seven-steps-machine-learning-python.html
https://medium.com/learning-new-stuff/machine-learning-in-a-week-a0da25d59850#.6e9bt0gzs
http://www.wildml.com/2015/09/implementing-a-neural-network-from-scratch/
http://fossbytes.com/become-data-scientist-simple-steps-infographic/
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2015/09/free-data-science-books.html
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2015/10/5-steps-learn-data-science.html
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/01/20-questions-to-detect-fake-data-scientists.html
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/02/21-data-science-interview-questions-answers.html
http://www.lauradhamilton.com/machine-learning-algorithm-cheat-sheet
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/03/top-10-data-science-github.html
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/03/must-know-tips-deep-learning-part-1.html
http://www.simplilearn.com/resources-to-learn-data-science-online-article
Tools / Resources
http://www.deeplearningbook.org/
https://github.com/donnemartin/data-science-ipython-notebooks
https://www.springboard.com/blog/data-science-interview-questions/
Images